Understanding PTSD in Horses: Signs, Rehabilitation, and Insights

How to Recognise and Support Horses Processing Trauma

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) isn’t exclusive to humans; horses can also suffer from lingering psychological effects after experiencing traumatic events. Whether it’s an accident, neglect, abuse, or even an intense training session, horses can develop symptoms that impact their behaviour, wellbeing, and ability to trust humans and other animals.

Recognising the Signs of PTSD in Horses

Spotting PTSD in horses can be challenging, as they often communicate distress through subtle body language and changes in behaviour. Here are some signs to look out for:

• Hypervigilance: The horse appears constantly alert, startles easily, and may seem jumpy even in familiar environments.

• Avoidance Behaviour: Avoids certain people, places, or situations that remind them of past trauma—refusing to enter stables, trailer or interact with specific handlers.

• Aggression or Defensive Actions: Shows uncharacteristic aggression, biting, kicking, or threatening behaviours when approached or handled.

• Withdrawal: Appears lethargic, uninterested in surroundings, or stops interacting with herd mates and humans.

• Unusual Physical Symptoms: May include sweating, trembling, digestive issues, or unexplained lameness when exposed to stressors.

• Destructive Behaviour: Chewing, cribbing, or damaging paddock fixtures during periods of stress.

Rehabilitating a Horse with PTSD

Rehabilitation is a nuanced process that requires patience, consistency, and empathy. Each horse processes trauma individually, so timelines and outcomes may vary. Here are key strategies to help:

1. Establish a Routine: Horses thrive on predictability. Consistent feeding, turnout, and handling routines help reduce anxiety.

2. Gentle Handling: Use calm, confident body language. Never rush the horse or expose them to overwhelming situations.

3. Positive Reinforcement: Reward small steps of progress, whether it’s approaching a feared object or accepting light handling.

4. Safe Environment: Ensure the horse’s living area is quiet, secure, and free from triggers.

5. Professional Help: Consult with equine behaviourists, trainers experienced in trauma recovery, and vets to rule out underlying physical issues.

6. Desensitisation and Counter-Conditioning: Gradually expose the horse to triggers in a controlled way, pairing them with positive experiences.

7. Companionship: Horses are herd animals; a supportive paddock mate can provide reassurance and reduce isolation.

   
   

How Long Does Rehabilitation Take?

There’s no set timeline for recovery. Some horses may show improvement in weeks, while others might take months or years to regain confidence and trust. Progress depends on the severity of trauma, the horse’s temperament, the consistency of care, and the skill of those involved in rehabilitation.

Throughout the process, patience is key. Celebrate small victories, and resist the urge to compare one horse’s recovery to another’s.

How Horses Process Stressors

Horses are prey animals with a highly developed flight instinct. When exposed to stressors, they release adrenaline and cortisol, which prepare them to flee. Prolonged or repeated stress can cause these systems to remain overactive, making the horse hyper-reactive or withdrawn.

Unlike humans, horses don’t rationalise their experiences; they process events through association. That’s why it’s crucial to avoid exposing them to triggers until they’re ready and to use positive associations to reframe their experiences. A huge trigger to consider is "driven" pressure.

Other Considerations

• Monitor Physical Health: PTSD can manifest as physical symptoms. Regular vet checks are essential.

• Be Mindful of Your Own Energy: Horses pick up on human emotions. Approach each interaction with calmness and confidence.

• Document Progress: Keep a journal of behaviours, triggers, and breakthroughs. This can help track improvements and identify patterns.

• Allow Choice: Giving the horse autonomy—such as allowing them to approach at their own pace—helps rebuild trust.

Here is an amazing video about PTSD in horses:

Conclusion

PTSD in horses is a serious condition, but with the right approach, many traumatised horses can learn to trust again and enjoy a high quality of life. By recognising the signs, offering patient rehabilitation, and understanding how horses process stress, owners, trainers, and carers can make a profound difference in the lives of these sensitive and resilient animals.